OUTLINE

1. Introduction

2. Principles of X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

3. Physics of X-Ray Excitation and Emission

   3.1 Ionization and the Photo-Electric Effect

   3.2 Scattering

   3.3 Conversion Between Energy and Wavelength

   3.4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum

   3.5 Selection Rules

   3.6 Fluorescence Yield

   3.7 Counting Statistical Error

   3.8 Detection Limit

   3.9 Nomenclature of X-Ray Emission Lines

4. Sample Preparation

   4.1 Liquid Samples

   4.2 Powder Samples

5. Instrumentation

   5.1 X-Ray Tube

   5.2 Primary Beam Filter

   5.3 Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

   5.4 Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

   5.5 Polarized X-Ray Spectrometry

   5.6 Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

6. Qualitative XRF Analysis

   6.1 X-Ray Spectra

   6.2 Qualitative Analysis

7. Quantitative XRF Analysis

   7.1 Selection of Analytical Line

   7.2 Matrix Correction Techniques

   7.3 Measurement Method Development and Calibration

   7.4 System Suitability Criteria

8. Additional Sources of Information

9. References